«Wazalendo» ni ijambo ry’Igiswahili risobanura “Ba kavukire”. Niba ukurikiranira hafi ibibazo bya politiki n’umutekano wo mu Karere si rishya mu matwi yawe. Ni Ihuriro ry’Imitwe yitwaje Intwaro muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, RDC.
Ukurikije izina «Wazalendo» n’intego z’ibyo baharanira kugeraho si ribi ariko nanone imigirire yabo inyuranya nabyo.
Ubusanzwe, Umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC uri mu manga ndetse imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishingwa ubutitsa. Ubu harabarurwa igera kuri 300 kandi umubare munini iri mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru yonyine.
Ni agace kugarijwe n’umutekano muke, ariko ku ruhande rwa Guverinoma ya Congo, byakomeje gusa nk’aho umutekano ubangamiwe gusa n’Umutwe wa M23 icyo gihugu kivuga ko ufashwa n’u Rwanda, rutahwemye kwamaganira kure.
Imyinshi muri iyo mitwe yashinzwe n’abayobozi bakuru muri RDC, ab’igisirikare n’abandi bashaka inyungu zabo by’umwihariko mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, iki gihugu gikungahayeho.
Indi ni iyashinzwe n’abitwikira umutaka wo kwirwanaho mu baturage, barimo abashinja Leta ko yadohotse ku kubacungira umutekano. Wumvise izo ntego ntiwatekereza ko iyi mitwe ikomeza kwishora mu bugizi bwa nabi bw’indengakamere.
Nka Wazalendo by’umwihariko imaze igihe ikorera ku butaka bwa RDC ariko izina ryayo ryongeye kugarukwaho cyane mu itangazamakuru mu 2022.
Kwiyuburura kwayo gusa n’ukwabayeho hagamijwe guhangana na M23, yongeye gukaza ibitero igaba ku Ngabo za Congo Kinshasa, FARDC, mu 2021.
Imitwe itandukanye yihurije i Pinga muri Gicurasi 2022, kugira ngo ihuze imbaraga hagamije kwirwanaho no kwerekana ko ‘Wazalendo’ ari yo ikunda igihugu kurusha abandi.
Imikorere ya Wazalendo
Abarwanyi ba Wazalendo usanga baravuye mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro itandukanye, barimo abahoze barinda ibirombe bicukurwamo amabuye y’agaciro n’abandi bava impande zose.
Wazalendo yabayeho kuva mbere y’uko na M23 yongera kugaba ibitero kuri FARDC. Gusa icyo gihe nta mbaraga yari ifite. Ryari nk’izina ariko ridafite ibikorwa bifatika.
Wasangaga nka PARECO-FF yihuje na APCLS, CMC na FDD, bavuga ko bose bari kurwanira inyungu runaka.
Mu mikorere yayo bitewe n’uko buri mutwe uba ufite umuyobozi wayo, iri huriro nta muyobozi uzwi rigira ndetse n’abashobora kubyiyitirira baba bashaka inyungu z’amafaranga cyangwa ubudahangarwa bakura mu gukorana na FARDC.
Leta ya RDC yakije umuriro
Mu Ugushyingo 2022, Perezida wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Félix Tshisekedi, yahamagariye byeruye urubyiruko kwinjira muri FARDC kugira ngo rutange umusanzu warwo mu guhangana na M23, ifatwa nk’umwanzi w’igihugu.
Ibi byakurikiraga imbwirwaruhame zatangiwe ahazwi nka Pinga muri Nord Kivu muri Gicurasi, abarwanyi bo muri Wazalendo berekwa ko bafite mu biganza byabo igihugu kandi bagomba kukirwanirira.
Kuva muri Gicurasi bashyizwe hamwe, bahabwa intwaro n’impuzankano za FARDC.
Muri Werurwe, tariki ya 3 uyu mwaka, Guverinoma ya RDC ni bwo yafashe icyemezo cy’uko Wazalendo bashyizwe muri FARDC ariko bafatwa nk’inkeragutabara cyangwa abashobora gutanga ubufasha aho urugamba rukomeye.
Ku wa 6 Werurwe, Minisitiri w’Amashuri Makuru na Kaminuza muri RDC, Muhindo Nzangi Butondo Muhindo Nzagi, yabwiye abanyamakuru ko Guverinoma isaba Wazalendo kuva mu bwihisho, bagakora ku mugaragaro.
Icyo gihe, ba barwanyi babaga mu mashyamba bavuyemo ndetse na bo batangira kwiyumva nk’abemewe na Leta.Ibi byari byabemereye gutangira gukorana byeruye na FARDC ariko hari hakirimo imitego itandukanye.
Wazalendo hari igihe isohora amatangazo agamije gukangisha ko bazatera ibirindiro bya M23, ibya Monusco n’Ingabo z’Akarere. Nka tariki ya 30 Kanama 2023, Wazalendo yagabye igitero ku birindiro bya MONUSCO biri i Goma.
Icyo gihe bari bitwaje intwaro zirimo Kalashnikov, imihoro n’ibindi biturika ndetse icyo gitero cyaguyemo abasivili benshi.
Wazalendo bashyirwa imbere mu rugamba
Kuva ku wa 1 Ukwakira 2023, FARDC yavuze ko igiye gutera M23, ariko buri gihe ku isonga ry’abayobora ibyo bitero ishumurayo Wazalendo. FARDC yabashyize imbere ariko kuko M23 yari yategujwe ko iri buterwe basanze yiteguye bituma Wazalendo itakaza abarwanyi benshi.
Imiterere n’imikorere y’abari mu iri huriro ituma bigorana kubatandukanya n’abarwanyi b’indi mitwe nka FDLR igizwe n’abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, Nyatura, ADF n’abandi. Bitewe n’uko bihuje n’Ingabo za Leta kandi hari ubwicanyi bukorerwa abaturage, Leta ikihutira kubwihakana ivuga ko nta ruhare yabigizemo.
Umusesenguzi wa Politiki n’Ibibazo by’Umutekano mu Karere avuga ko Guverinoma hari igihe yitanguranwa iyo habaye ubwicanyi bw’abasivili ariko ntifate ingamba zikomeye.
Ati “Igiteye urujijo ni ukubona Guverinoma ijya gushakisha imitwe y’inyeshyamba, ifite ibyaha by’intambara iregwa ngo ikoreshe abarwanyi bayo, isuzuguye igisirikare kandi na cyo kirimo ibibazo bikomeye. Guverinoma ivuga ko M23 ifite igice cy’ubutaka yafashe, ni gute Guverinoma yihandagaza ikavuga ko bugiye kurindwa n’inyeshyamba? Ni gute iziha ububasha hanyuma ejo ikazirega ubwicanyi?”
Wazalendo batangiye basa n’abadafite intego ya politiki kuko biberaga mu birombe. Ubu barayifite kubera imbwirwaruhame ya Guverinoma ibaha ububasha bwo kurwanya M23 no kurengera ubusugire bw’igihugu.
Bafite ingufu kuko ni benshi kandi barashyigikiwe kuko bafite ibikoresho. Gusa ku rundi ruhande bameze nk’abishora ku rugamba batazi kuko nta bumenyi buhagije mu bya gisirikare bafite, ndetse harimo n’abagikoresha imbunda n’impuzankano bambitswe nk’iturufu yo gusahura abaturage, abakomeje umutsi bakamburwa n’ubuzima.
Tariki ya 9 Ukwakira 2023, FARDC n’imitwe y’abarwanyi yisunze bashimuse abasivili barindwi muri Bugomba muri Gurupoma ya Gisigari. Abandi basivili biciwe mu gace ka Budyuku. Nyuma y’ubu bwicanyi, FARDC n’inkoramutima zayo ku rugamba muri iki gihe, yagiye muri Rugari, irasa ku baturage bari mu maduka n’abo yasanze aho batuye.
Mu guhunga uruhare rw’igisirikare cyayo, Guverinoma ya RDC yavuze ko Wazalendo, isanzwe ikorana na FARDC, ari yo yibye impuzankano ikishora muri ibyo bikorwa. Aha hari abibaza uko ubujura nk’ubwo bumenyekana ariko ntihakorwe iperereza cyangwa hafatwe ingamba zikaze zo guhangana nabwo.
Byakurikiye amagambo y’Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma ya RDC, Patrick Muyaya, wavuze ko abarwanyi ba Wazalendo, amasezerano ya Arusha na Luanda yavugaga ko bagomba kwamburwa intwaro, bakwiye gushyigikirwa ndetse bagahabwa ibikoresho bya gisirikare byisumbuyeho.
Abasesengura bagaragaza ko umuntu wa mbere uri kungukira mu bibazo by’umutekano muke muri RDC ari Tshisekedi kuko ashaka kubyifashisha nk’iturufu ya nyuma yo kwigizayo amatora y’Umukuru w’Igihugu ateganyijwe ku wa 20 Ukuboza 2023. Ikigaragara ni uko Guverinoma ya Congo ifite ubufatanyacyaha mu bwicanyi bukorwa na FARDC n’imitwe iyishamikiyeho by’umwihariko nyuma yo gutagatifuza Wazalendo, yatumye umutekano wo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru urushaho kuzamba.
