Mu gihe kitarenze amezi abiri, u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) biteganyijwe ko bizasinyana amasezerano y’amahoro, ndetse n’ay’ubufatanye mu bukungu na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Amerika ivuga ko nyuma y’aya masezerano hazakurikiraho ishoramari rinini ry’amadolari menshi, riturutse mu bigo by’ubucuruzi byayo n’iby’ibihugu by’inshuti zayo.
Icyakora, hari iby’ibanze bisabwa mbere y’uko ayo masezerano ashyirwaho umukono. Muri byo, RDC igomba kubanza gukemura ibibazo by’umutekano bigira ingaruka ku Rwanda, cyane cyane ikibazo cy’umutwe wa FDLR.
Na none, Amerika yasabye u Rwanda guhagarika ubufasha bivugwa ko ruha umutwe wa M23, nubwo rwo ruhora rubihakana.
RDC nayo isabwa gukora impinduka mu miyoborere, zirimo gusaranganya umutungo w’igihugu no kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi. Aya mavugurura ni ingenzi kugira ngo igihugu kibashe kungukira ku masezerano y’ubufatanye.
Nyuma yo gushyira umukono ku masezerano y’amahoro, hateganyijwe ko Amerika izasinyana n’ibihugu byombi amasezerano y’ubucuruzi.
Guhera igihe Donald Trump yajyaga ku butegetsi, ubucuruzi bwashyizwe imbere nk’ingamba ya mbere mu mahitamo ya Amerika.
Massad Boulos, umujyanama wihariye wa Perezida wa Amerika ku bibazo bya Afurika, ni we uyoboye izi gahunda. Asanzwe ari inzobere mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi.
Amerika ivuga ko amasezerano izagirana na RDC azaba ari manini bitewe n’uko iki gihugu gifite umutungo kamere mwinshi, ariko ntiharenzwa ingohe ko n’u Rwanda rufite byinshi rudashobora kwirengagizwa, harimo ubuhanga n’ubushobozi bwo gucukura, gutunganya no kohereza ku isoko mpuzamahanga amabuye y’agaciro.
Boulos yagize ati: “U Rwanda rufite amahirwe yihariye mu bijyanye n’amabuye y’agaciro, haba mu bucukuzi, mu gutunganya no mu gucuruza.”
Izi gahunda z’ubucuruzi ziteganya ko ibigo byo muri Amerika bizashora imari muri RDC, ndetse n’ibyo mu bindi bihugu by’inshuti za Amerika bikangurirwa kubikora. Hari amakuru avuga ko hari ibigo biri mu biganiro bigamije gushora nibura miliyari 1.5$ muri RDC.
Izi gahunda zizajya zikurikiranwa n’Ikigo cya Leta ya Amerika gishinzwe iterambere n’imikoranire mu rwego rw’imari, kizwi nka DFC (U.S. International Development Finance Corporation).
Mu biganiro biri hagati y’ibi bihugu, hagarutswe ku mishinga y’ibikorwaremezo ikenewe kugira ngo umutungo wa RDC ushobore kubyazwa umusaruro.
Harimo umushinga wa gari ya moshi uzwi nka Lobito Corridor, uzahuza Angola, RDC na Zambia ku ntera ya kilometero 1,300. Uwo muhanda uzakenerwa cyane mu kugeza amabuye y’agaciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga, kandi Amerika yemeye gutera inkunga iyubakwa ryawo, biteganyijwe ko uzatwara miliyoni 560$.
Undi mushinga uvugwa ni urugomero rwa Ruzizi III, ruzatanga amashanyarazi angana na 147 MW. Ni umushinga uhuje u Rwanda, RDC n’u Burundi, watewe inkunga na Banki y’Isi, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ndetse na Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere (AfDB).
Wari waratangiye mu 2016, ugomba kurangira mu 2024, ariko wagiye udindira. Kugeza ubu uteganyijwe kurangira mu 2030. U Rwanda ruzabona 47 MW, izindi zikazasaranganywa RDC n’u Burundi.
Boulos yongeyeho ko hari n’indi mishinga izakurikira, cyane cyane mu rwego rw’amashanyarazi n’imiyoboro iyatwara, kuko hakenewe uburyo bwo gusaranganya umuriro hagati y’ibi bihugu.
U Rwanda rufite inganda zitunganya amabuye atandukanye y’agaciro nka zahabu, tantalum, tin na coltan. Izo nganda ni Gasabo Gold Refinery (zahabu), Power X Refinery (tantalum), na LuNa Smelter (tin).
Gutunganya aya mabuye imbere mu gihugu bifite inyungu nyinshi. Iyo amabuye yoherejwe adatunganyijwe, igihugu cyohereje gicibwa amande, kandi ntikibarirwa agaciro k’ibindi biva muri ayo mabuye nk’imyanda yayo.
Urugero, Coltan itunganyijwe ivamo Tantalum, ariko hari n’ibindi nka phosphate ikoreshwa mu ifumbire na Niobium ikoreshwa mu byuma n’ikoranabuhanga.
Zahabu itunganyirizwa mu Rwanda isohoka ari 99% isukuye, kandi n’imyanda yayo ivamo ibindi bifite agaciro nk’umuringa (silver). Uko gutunganya bituma u Rwanda rubona inyungu ebyiri: ntirucibwa amande kandi rubyaza umusaruro n’ibisigazwa.
Amerika ishimangira ko mu masezerano mashya, u Rwanda ruzungukira mu kongera agaciro k’amabuye, aho aya ava muri RDC ashobora kuzajya ajyanwa mu Rwanda agatunganywa, hanyuma rugakomeza urugendo rwo kuyacuruza ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
U Rwanda kandi ruri kubaka ibyanya by’inganda bishobora kwakira izindi nganda nshya zitunganya amabuye.
