Inzobere z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (ONU) zivuga ko Uganda irimo gufasha inyeshyamba za M23 zirwanira hakurya y’umupaka wayo mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, zikaburira ko aya makuba arimo gufata indi ntera mu buryo bwihuse “ateje ibyago byo kuba imbarutso y’intambara yagutse y’akarere”.
Inyeshyamba za M23, zifite intwaro zikomeye, akenshi zishinjwa kuba igikoresho cya gisirikare cy’u Rwanda, ariko inzobere za ONU zagaragaje ibimenyetso byumvikanisha ko izo nyeshyamba zinafashwa na Uganda.
Uganda yahakanye ibirego byo muri iyi raporo ya ONU inashinja u Rwanda kugira abasirikare bagera ku 4,000 muri DR Congo barwana ku ruhande rw’izo nyeshyamba.
Mu gusubiza, u Rwanda ntirwahakanye icyo kirego ndetse rwabwiye BBC ko leta ya DR Congo nta bushake bwa politike ifite bwo gucyemura amakuba yo mu burasirazuba, bukize ku mabuye y’agaciro, bumaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo buri mu mvururu.
Inzobere za ONU zavuze ko abasirikare b’u Rwanda “bangana niba [ahubwo] bataruta” umubare w’abarwanyi ba M23 ku butaka bwa DR Congo, kugeza hagati muri Mata (4) uyu mwaka abarwanyi ba M23 byibazwaga ko bagera ku 3,000.
U Rwanda rumaze igihe rurakajwe no kuba hari inyeshyamba z’Abahutu, zizwi nka FDLR, zikorera mu burasirazuba bwa DR Congo – ibikorwa bihuriweho by’ingabo z’u Rwanda na DR Congo byananiwe kuzihakura.
Abakuriye izo nyeshyamba bashinjwa kugira uruhare muri jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda mu 1994, yiciwemo Abatutsi n’Abahutu batari bashyigikiye ubwicanyi, bose hamwe bagera ku 800,000.
Umutwe wa M23, uyobowe n’abiganjemo Abatutsi, wagaragaye bwa mbere n’ubukana bwinshi mu 2012, uza gutsindwa mu mwaka wakurikiyeho bifashijwemo n’umutwe w’ingabo z’amahanga, ubwo benshi mu barwanyi bawo bahungiraga mu nkambi mu Rwanda no muri Uganda.
Mu myaka itatu ishize watangiye kongera kwisuganya mu ntwaro ndetse ubu ugenzura ubutaka bunini mu ntara ya Kivu ya Ruguru, aho raporo ya ONU ivuga ko M23 yashinze ubutegetsi bubangikanye (n’ubwa DR Congo).
Bigereranywa ko abantu miliyoni eshatu bahunze ingo zabo kubera imirwano.
Iyi raporo y’inzobere za ONU y’amapaji 293, ivuga ku byabaye kugeza hagati muri Mata uyu mwaka, ni bwo igitangazwa ku mugaragaro – ariko yabanje kugezwa kuri komite ishinzwe ibihano y’Akanama k’Umutekano ka ONU, nuko mu kwezi gushize yohererezwa Akanama k’Umutekano ka ONU.
Iyi raporo y’izo nzobere inaburira ko ingabo z’u Burundi zakoranye n’ingabo za DR Congo mu kurwana na M23 n’abasirikare b’u Rwanda, bihuhura ubushyamirane mu karere.
Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa DR Congo Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner yavuze ko ahangayikishijwe n’ibirego by’ubufatanyacyaha hagati y’ingabo za Uganda, M23 n’ingabo z’u Rwanda.
Yavuze ko iki kibazo kizagezwa hejuru mu butegetsi bwa Uganda basanzwe bafatanya mu kurwanya undi mutwe w’inyeshyamba ufitanye isano n’iyiyita leta ya kisilamu wa ADF (Allied Democratic Forces), utera ibihugu byombi.
Ariko raporo ya ONU yavuze ko bishoboka ko Uganda yemerera ibikoresho n’ibiribwa bya M23 n’abarwanyi bashya ba M23 kunyura ku butaka bwayo.
Iyo raporo igira iti: “Kuva amakuba ya M23 yakongera kwaduka, Uganda ntiyabujije kuba ku butaka bwayo kwa M23 n’ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) cyangwa kuhanyura.”
Iyi raporo ivuga ko abasirikare bakuru bo mu butasi bwa gisirikare bwa Uganda banageze mu mujyi wa Bunagana muri Congo kuva nibura mu mpera y’umwaka wa 2023 “guhuza ibikorwa n’abakuru ba M23, guha ibikoresho n’uburyo bwo gukora ingendo abakuru ba M23 mu karere M23 igenzura”.
Raporo ya ONU inavuga ko abakuru ba M23, barimo n’umukuru wa gisirikare wayo Sultani Makenga – wafatiwe ibihano na ONU byo kudakora ingendo – bakoreye ingendo muri Uganda bagiye mu nama.
Umuvugizi wungirije w’ingabo za Uganda, Deo Akiiki, yabwiye ibiro ntaramakuru Reuters ko ibirego biri muri iyo raporo atari ukuri. Yagize ati: “Byaba ari ubusazi kuri twe guhungabanya umutekano w’agace nyirizina turimo kwitangira tutizigamye kugira ngo kagire umutekano.”
Ariko iyi raporo itanga ibindi bimenyetso bishinja Uganda gufasha ihuriro rya AFC (Alliance Fleuve Congo) – umuryango umaze igihe gito ushinzwe ubonwa n’abasesenguzi bamwe nk’ishami rya politike rya M23.
Iryo huriro riyoborwa n’uwahoze ari umukuru w’akanama k’amatora ka DR Congo ndetse rivuga ko rishaka kuzana amahoro mu burasirazuba, ariko nkuko bivugwa n’abatanze amakuru basubiwemo muri iyi raporo ya ONU, iryo huriro ribonwa nk’uburyo bwo gutuma M23 yemerwa “ari na ko rigabanya uruhare rw’u Rwanda mu makuba”.
Itangazo rihuriweho na AFC na M23 ryasubije kuri iyi raporo ubwo yasohokaga mbere yuko itangazwa ku mugaragaro, rivuga ko inzobere za ONU zagoretse ibintu, bikaba bishobora “gutambamira ishyirwaho ry’amahoro arambye”.
Iryo tangazo ryanatanze amakuru arambuye y’ibindi bintu ribona ko atari ukuri, nk’igitero M23 ishinjwa kugaba ku kibuga cy’indege cya Goma n’ibyo M23 ishinjwa byo gushyira abana mu gisirikare ku gahato no kubakoresha mu gisirikare ku gahato, n’u Rwanda na rwo ruhakana.
Itangazo rya AFC na M23 rinahakana rivuga ko u Rwanda nta ruhare rufite mu ntambara, rivuga ko “guhangayikishwa cyane no gushyiraho isano hagati ya M23 n’u Rwanda bigira uruhare mu kwenyegeza ingengabitekerezo y’urwango ari na yo mpamvu-muzi y’urugomo” mu burasirazuba bwa DR Congo.
Raporo ya ONU ivuga ko kugeza mu ntangiriro ya Mata muri uyu mwaka wa 2024, agace kagenzurwa na M23 n’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda ari bwo kari kanini cyane kurusha mu kindi gihe icyo ari cyo cyose cyabayeho – kanganaga n’inyongera ya 70% ugereranyije no kuva mu Gushyingo (11) kw’umwaka ushize.
Iyo raporo ivuga ko ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare rikataje hamwe n’ibikoresho bikataje, byongerereye imbaraga ibikorwa bya M23 n’igisikare cy’u Rwanda, “bihindura imiterere y’intambara”, harimo no gutuma igisirikare cya DR Congo gihagarika gukoresha “ubushobozi bwo mu kirere” bwacyo bwose.
Raporo inatangaza amafoto n’amashusho yafatiwe kuri mudasobwa (azwi nka ‘screengrabs’) atanga amakuru y’intwaro n’indege nto z’intambara zitarimo umupilote (zizwi nka drone) – bivugwa ko byahawe M23 nubwo yakomanyirijwe ku kugura intwaro.
Umuvugizi wa leta y’u Rwanda Yolande Makolo yashinje Perezida wa DR Congo Félix Tshisekedi kurata ingufu za gisirikare.
Yabwiye BBC ati: “Yakomeje gukangisha gushoza intambara ku Rwanda.” Makolo yanashinje ingabo za DR Congo gutera inkunga no kurwana hamwe na FDLR.
Yavuze ko DR Congo ifite ubushobozi bwose bwo guhosha uko ibintu bimeze niba ibishaka “ariko kugeza igihe izabikorera u Rwanda ruzakomeza kwirwanaho”.
Umutwe w’ingabo zo mu muryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’amajyepfo (SADC) wagabwe mu mpera y’umwaka ushize kugira ngo ufashe ingabo za DR Congo guhangana n’intambara zo mu burasirazuba.
Amakuru y’inyongera yatawe n’umunyamakuru wa BBC Gladys Kigo.
